Broadcasting Routing Protocols in VANET

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. This paper discusses the main 5 types of protocols for VANET Topology Based, Positioned Based, Geo Cast, Broad Cast, and Cluster Based Protocols. It also discusses the types of Broadcast Protocols like multi hop and reliable broadcast protocols. Keywords: VANET, ITS, MANET, UMB, DV-CAST

Study of Load Balanced Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes, such devices as PDAs, mobile phones, laptops etc. that are connected over a wireless medium. There is no pre-existing communication infrastructure (no access points, no base stations) and the nodes can freely move and self-organize into a network topology. Such a network can contain two or more nodes. Hence, balancing the load in a MANET is important because The nodes in MANET have limited communication resources such as bandwidth, buffer space, battery power. This paper discusses various load metric and various load balancing routing protocols for efficient data transmission in MANETs. Keywords: Load Balancing, Mobile Ad hoc Networks, Routing

Intersection RSU in Vanet

Vanet is most important and new type adhoc networking which needs attention If research of scholars and technology of automobile industry combinely work in this area they can reduces accidents happening on roads Basically Vanet is Adhoc network in which vehicles are treated as Node And these nodes are communicating with each other as well as rsu Road side unit s on the road In This paper we shortly studied real time examples of vanet There is huge no of accidents happens at the intersectio

Study Of Statistical Models For Route Prediction Algorithms In VANET

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is a concept greatly studied during the past years. Vehicles equipped with devices capable of short-range wireless connectivity can form a particular mobile ad-hoc network, called a Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (or VANET). The users of a VANET, drivers or passengers, can be provided with useful information and with a wide range of interesting services. Route prediction is the missing piece in several proposed ideas for intelligent vehicles. In this paper, we are studying the algorithms that predict a vehicle's entire route as it is driven. Such predictions are useful for giving the driver warnings about upcoming traffic hazards or information about upcoming points of interest, including advertising. This paper describes the route Prediction algorithms using Markov Model, Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Variable order Markov model (VMM). Keywords: VANET, MANET, ITs, GPS, HMM, VMM, PST

SURVEY OF VEHICLE AD-HOC NETWORK

The communication is done in between cars that is based on the short range wireless technology. It become safety road and travel comfort using ad-hoc network. We see the different to communication mode in car network. Also we see the Geonetworking with car network. IPv6 is considered as the most appropriate technologies to support communication in VANET thanks to its extended address space, enhanced mobility support, ease of configuration and embedded security

A File System Level Snapshot In Ext4

Snapshot makes a copy of current working system. Creating a snapshot with some processing andoverheads is important to provide the reliable data service during backup. There are two types of snapshottechniques: volume-based approach and system-based approach. The volume-based Logical VolumeManager provides compact space usability, but requires some space to save snapshot and makes systemwith extra overheads. The system-based Snapshot works better than volume based. The file system basedSnapshot does not need reserve space for snapshot. Therefore, the system-based Snapshot is considered agood solution in the computer environment where large-scale space management capability is not thatcritical. However, such snapshot feature is available in Linux kernel 2.2, 2.6 in EXT3 file system. In thispaper, we proposed a system-based snapshot for the ext4 system in Linux kernel 2.6 or higher. The main concept of the system-based snapshot mainly come from old-version system based Snapshot.Keywords: Snapcreate, kernel, Inode, SnapFS

Multi Aspect Based Document Level Sentiment Analysis for Educational Institute Analysis

ABSTRACT: Sentiment Analysis is used to determine the attitude of a writer with respect to some topic or the overall contextual polarity of a document. The objective of our project is to build an interactive portal wherein the comparative analysis of various colleges can be visualized. In doing so ,instead of the basic factual information, analysis will be done based on the feedback and reviews acquired from various sources. In this approach , document level sentiment analysis will be done considering every aspect of the same using the techniques of natural language processing

Immuno-transcriptomic profiling of extracranial pediatric solid malignancies.

We perform an immunogenomics analysis utilizing whole-transcriptome sequencing of 657 pediatric extracranial solid cancer samples representing 14 diagnoses, and additionally utilize transcriptomes of 131 pediatric cancer cell lines and 147 normal tissue samples for comparison. We describe patterns of infiltrating immune cells, T cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion, and translationally relevant immune checkpoints. We find that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and TCR counts vary widely across cancer types and within each diagnosis, and notably are significantly predictive of survival in osteosarcoma patients. We identify potential cancer-specific immunotherapeutic targets for adoptive cell therapies including cell-surface proteins, tumor germline antigens, and lineage-specific transcription factors. Using an orthogonal immunopeptidomics approach, we find several potential immunotherapeutic targets in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma and validated PRAME as a bona fide multi-pediatric cancer target. Importantly, this work provides a critical framework for immune targeting of extracranial solid tumors using parallel immuno-transcriptomic and -peptidomic approaches

Progressive hemorrhage and myotoxicity induced by echis carinatus venom in murine model: neutralization by inhibitor cocktail of n,n,n `,n `-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine and silymarin

Viperbite is often associated with severe local toxicity, including progressive hemorrhage and myotoxicity, persistent even after the administration of anti-snake venom (ASV). In the recent past, investigations have revealed the orchestrated actions of Zn2+ metalloproteases (Zn(2+)MPs), phospholipase A(2)s (PLA(2)s) and hyaluronidases (HYs) in the onset and progression of local toxicity from the bitten site. As a consequence, venom researchers and medical practitioners are in deliberate quest of potent molecules alongside ASV to tackle the brutal local manifestations induced by aforesaid venom toxins. Based on these facts, we have demonstrated the protective efficacy of inhibitor cocktail containing equal ratios of N,N,N', N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) and silymarin (SLN) against progressive local toxicity induced by Echis carinatus venom (ECV). In our previous study we have shown the inhibitory potentials of TPEN towards Zn(2+)MPs of ECV (IC50: 6.7 mu M). In this study we have evaluated in vitro inhibitory potentials of SLN towards PLA(2)s (IC50: 12.5 mu M) and HYs (IC50: 8 mu M) of ECV in addition to docking studies. Further, we have demonstrated the protection of ECV induced local toxicity with 10 mM inhibitor cocktail following 15, 30 min (for hemorrhage and myotoxicity); 60 min (for hemorrhage alone) of ECV injection in murine model. The histological examination of skin and thigh muscle sections taken out from the site of ECV injection substantiated the overall protection offered by inhibitor cocktail. In conclusion, the protective efficacy of inhibitor cocktail is of high interest and can be administered locally alongside ASV to treat severe local toxicity